Lesson 1: Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns:

• ini = this
• itu = that

Structures:
1. Questions:

• Apa ini? = What is this?
• Ini apa? = This is what?
• Apa itu? = What is that?
• Itu apa? = That is what?
• Siapa ini? = Who is this?
• Ini siapa? = This is who?
• Siapa itu?  = Who is that?
• Itu siapa? = That is who?

2. Positive Sentences:
Demonstrative Pronouns + Noun/Pronouns

3. Negative Sentences:
Demonstrative Pronouns + bukan + Noun/Pronouns

Examples:
(?) Apa ini?  = What is this?
(+) Ini tas. = This is bag.
(-) Ini bukan tas. = This is not bag

(?) Ini apa? = This is what?
(+) Ini mobil. = This is car.
(-) Ini bukan mobil.  = This is not car.

(?) Apa itu? = What is that?
(+) Itu pohon. = That is tree.
(-) Itu bukan pohon.  = That is not tree.

(?) Itu apa? = That is what?
(+) Itu meja. = That is table.
(-) Itu bukan meja.  That is not table.

(?) Siapa ini? = Who is this?
(+) Ini kakak. = This is elder brother/sister.
(-) Ini bukan kakak.  = This is not elder brother/sister.

(?) Ini siapa? = This is who?
(+) Ini ibu. = This is mother.
(-) Ini bukan ibu.  = This is not mother.

(?) Siapa itu? = Who is that?
(+) Itu polisi. = That is policeman.
(-) Itu bukan polisi.  = That is not policeman.

(?) Itu siapa? = That is who?
(+) Itu tukang. = That is workman.
(-) Itu bukan tukang. = That is not workman.